Byzantine Art Project

Photo by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Dennis G. Jarvis / archer10 (2013). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0). The underlying 9th-century mosaics are in the public domain.

Photograph by Daderot (2014). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 11th-century Byzantine ivory relief at the Bode-Museum is in the public domain.

Google Art Project / Wikimedia Commons. The underlying 11th-century mosaic at Saint Sophia Cathedral Kyiv is in the public domain.

Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow (2008). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic (CC BY 2.5). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Google Art Project / Wikimedia Commons. The underlying late-12th-century Novgorod-school icon at the Russian Museum is in the public domain.

Photograph by Efkoski Bobi (2009). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA 1.0/2.0/2.5/3.0/4.0) and GNU Free Documentation License 1.2+. The underlying 1191 fresco at Saint George Kurbinovo is in the public domain.

Photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Open Access (Public Domain / CC0). The underlying c. 1200+ serpentine pendant is in the public domain. Credit line: Gift of Mrs. Hayford Peirce, 1987.

Photograph by Levan Ramishvili (2018). Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (faithful reproduction of a 13th-century fresco, which is itself in the public domain).

Photograph by George E. Koronaios (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying c. early-14th-century icon at the Byzantine and Christian Museum, Athens (BXM 1353) is in the public domain.

Photo by Dick Osseman / Dosseman (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying mosaic is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; uploaded by Gabriel Philadelpho). The underlying 18th-century Coptic icon is in the public domain.

Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain (CC0). The underlying 1704 icon by Kirill Ulanov at the Andrey Rublev Museum (Acc. КП 204) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; uploaded by user MChew, 2005). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; photographed by Michel Bakni). The underlying mid-6th-century encaustic icon (92.8 × 53 cm) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; source: Syriac Patriarchate digital archive). The underlying 6th-century manuscript is in the public domain.

Photo by Vi Ko (2021). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Open Access (Public Domain / CC0). The underlying c. 1100 Byzantine cloisonné medallion is in the public domain. Credit line: Fletcher Fund, 1917.

Image courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (accession 17.190.673), via Wikimedia Commons. Released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying c. 1100 Byzantine cloisonné medallion is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying 12th-century cloisonné-enamel-on-gold icon (Shalva Amiranashvili Museum, Tbilisi) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a c. 1200 icon scanned from Sarabyanov and Smirnova, *Russian Icon Painting*, 2007). The underlying icon is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying 13th-century Byzantine icon (93 × 61.3 cm; Dumbarton Oaks Museum, Washington D.C.) is in the public domain.

Photograph by Michel Bakni (2020). Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (the underlying 1224 Armenian Gospel manuscript miniature is in the public domain; Matenadaran MS 4823, fol. 247).

Photograph by Byzantine Institute staff (1949–1963), Dumbarton Oaks fieldwork records (MSBZ004_BF_T_F_022_A). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying c. 1310 mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by Anagoria (Wikimedia Commons). Public domain. The underlying icon by Theophanes the Greek (c. 1403) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a public domain icon). The underlying 1779 icon at Saint Andrew Church, Kastoria, is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). Underlying late-6th-century encaustic icon (Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai) is in the public domain.

Photo by Dick Osseman / Dosseman (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 8th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 9th-century manuscript folio published before 1931). The underlying Khludov Psalter (State Historical Museum, Moscow, MS D.129) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; scanned 2021). The underlying mid-9th-century manuscript folio (19.5 × 15 cm; State Historical Museum, Moscow, MS D.129) is in the public domain.

Photograph by Postcrosser (2018). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying Byzantine Mandylion icon and 14th-century frame are in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying late-10th-century manuscript illumination (Vatican Apostolic Library, Vat. gr. 1613) is in the public domain.

Public domain photographic reproduction (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 12th-century manuscript published before 1931). The underlying Madrid Skylitzes (Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitr. 26-2) is in the public domain.

Public domain photographic reproduction (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 12th-century manuscript published before 1931). The underlying Madrid Skylitzes is in the public domain.

Google Art Project / Wikimedia Commons. The underlying late-12th-century Novgorod-school icon at the Tretyakov Gallery is in the public domain. Photographic reproduction in the public domain (CC0 / structured-data convention).

Photograph by BLAGO Fund, Inc. (2021). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying c. 1321 fresco at Gračanica Monastery is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). Underlying late-14th-century / early-15th-century icon (37.8 × 31.4 cm; British Museum, 1988,0411.1) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 17th-century icon by Emmanouel Tzanes). The underlying icon is in the public domain.

Vienna Dioscurides (Cod. Med. gr. 1), fol. 6v — Anicia Juliana dedication miniature, c. AD 515, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Codex Purpureus Rossanensis is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript). The underlying Codex Purpureus Rossanensis is in the public domain.

Image from Forsyth & Weitzmann, *The Monastery of Saint Catherine at Mount Sinai* (University of Michigan Press, 1973), reproduced via Linn, Tepper & Bar-Oz (2017). Wikimedia Commons. Released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Iolchos07 (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 9th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, file: Hosios_Loukas_Katholikon_(sanctuary_vault)_-_Pentecost_01.jpg, processed by user Shakko 2015). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by Wolfgang Sauber (2010). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0). The underlying 11th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photograph by Wolfgang Sauber (2010). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0). The underlying 11th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photo by Jacob Freeland (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Jacob Freeland (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by zavar_vera (2017). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 1259 fresco). The underlying Boyana Church fresco is in the public domain.

Photograph released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic. The underlying c. 1310–1320 Byzantine icon at the British Museum (BM 1852.1-02.1) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons CC0 1.0). The underlying 14th-century fresco at Visoki Dečani is in the public domain.

Photograph by Wooofer (2018). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 14th-century fresco at Peribleptos Mistra is in the public domain.

Photograph from Réunion des Musées Nationaux (RMN). Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (the underlying 14th-century fresco is in the public domain).

Photograph by Croquemort Nestor (2025). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 1494 fresco is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying 1546 fresco by Theophanes the Cretan at Stavronikita Monastery, Mount Athos, is in the public domain.

Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user Александровы АГ. The underlying 17th-century Russian icon at the State Hermitage Museum is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; Walters Art Museum). Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 1678 Armenian hymnal page is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying early-6th-century mosaic at Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, is in the public domain.

Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying early-6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying late-5th / early-6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by Hugo DK (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying 6th-century Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (Diocesan Museum, Rossano Cathedral, Calabria) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Rabbula Gospels (Plut. 1.56) is in the public domain.

Photograph by Dosseman (Dick Osseman). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying late-10th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photograph by Pvasiliadis (2007). Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (faithful reproduction of a 12th-century icon, which is itself in the public domain).

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying 1106 fresco at Panagia tis Asinou is in the public domain.

Photograph by Gmihail (2013). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Serbia (CC BY-SA 3.0 RS). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (faithful photographic reproduction of a 14th-century icon). The underlying micro-mosaic at Vatopedi Monastery is in the public domain.

Photograph by BLAGO Fund, Inc. (2021). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying c. 1320 fresco at Gračanica Monastery is in the public domain.

Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (faithful reproduction of late-14th to 16th-century frescoes). The underlying frescoes at Cozia Monastery are in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying 1546 fresco by Theophanes the Cretan at Stavronikita Monastery, Mount Athos, is in the public domain.

Wikimedia Commons. Faithful photographic reproduction of a 1546 fresco by Theophanes the Cretan. The underlying work is in the public domain.

Photo by Sailko (2013). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0). The underlying late-3rd-century relief is in the public domain.

Photograph by Giovanni Dall'Orto (2024). Wikimedia Commons. The photographer permits use for any purpose with attribution. The underlying 5th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Vienna Genesis is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; from the Yorck Project's *10,000 Masterworks of Painting*; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Vienna Genesis (Codex Vindobonensis Theol. gr. 31) is in the public domain.

Photo by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; The Yorck Project). The underlying late-6th-century manuscript page (Austrian National Library) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 9th-century manuscript folio published before 1931). The underlying Khludov Psalter (State Historical Museum, Moscow, MS D.129) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 10th-century manuscript). The underlying Paris Psalter (BnF MS gr. 139) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, scanned 2008). The underlying 12th-century icon (92 × 64 cm) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 13th-century mosaic). The underlying San Marco mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by Vmenkov (2010). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) and GNU Free Documentation License 1.2+. The underlying c. 1310 mosaic at the Pammakaristos parekklesion is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, Google Art Project file). The underlying 15th-century icon (141.5 × 114 cm, tempera on panel) is in the public domain.

Photograph by Michel Bakni (2020) via the Wikimedians of the Levant 'One Hundred Icon Project.' Wikimedia Commons. The underlying 16th-century icon is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Joseph Wilpert documentation, 1903; faithful reproduction of a c. 225 AD fresco). The underlying catacomb fresco is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons). The underlying c. 4th-century catacomb fresco is in the public domain.

Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by Votpuske (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th-century Bawit niche painting (Coptic Museum, Cairo) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, file: Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg). The underlying 6th-century encaustic icon is in the public domain by age. Per Wikimedia policy, faithful 2D reproductions of public-domain works are themselves public domain.

Photo by Hans A. Rosbach (2009). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Jacob Freeland (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Effems (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by Jean-Pierre Dalbéra (2012). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by David Winfield (1968–1973), MSBZ004_BF_S_1979_1913D, Image Collections and Fieldwork Archives, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington DC. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 12th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photo by Myrabella (2012). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 13th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Dick Osseman (Dosseman, 2010). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 14th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Guillaume Piolle (2011). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). The underlying 14th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Sailko (2008). Wikimedia Commons. Released under multiple licenses (GFDL 1.2+ / CC BY-SA 3.0 / CC BY 2.5); attributed here under CC BY-SA 3.0. The underlying 15th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a public-domain icon). The underlying mid-17th-century Russian icon (private collection, Old Believer provenance) is in the public domain.

Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user Ymblanter (2021). Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying late-4th / early-5th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph: Musée du Louvre, Paris (Acc. E 11565). Wikimedia Commons. The underlying c. 6th–8th-century Coptic panel icon is in the public domain. Photographic reproduction in the public domain (CC0 / structured-data convention).

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, photographed by user Shakko, 2008). The underlying 6th–7th-century encaustic icon is in the public domain.

Photo by Holger Uwe Schmitt (2022). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Anagoria (2013). Wikimedia Commons. Dual-licensed under GFDL 1.2+ and CC BY 3.0. The underlying 10th-century ivory plaque is in the public domain.

Image courtesy of the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore (accession 48.2086.1). Released under Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. The underlying 10th-century ceramic tile is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 10th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Menologion of Basil II is in the public domain.

Walters Art Museum, Baltimore (Acc. 41.227). Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-SA 3.0) per the Walters' 2012 mass-release. The underlying 11th-century steatite is in the public domain.

Photograph by Raso mk (2004). Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in North Macedonia and the United States. The underlying 11th-century frescoes are in the public domain.

Photograph by Ann Wuyts. Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). The underlying frescoes (11th c. and 1259) are in the public domain.

Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen (2012). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic (CC BY 2.5). The underlying 13th-century icon is in the public domain. Held by the British Museum, London (accession 1984.0601.1).

Photo by Sailko (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 14th-century icon is in the public domain.

Google Art Project / Wikimedia Commons. The underlying mid-14th-century icon at the State Russian Museum is in the public domain. Photographic reproduction released under CC0/PD; structured metadata under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Wikimedia Commons. Faithful photographic reproduction of a late-14th-century icon at the Hermitage. The underlying icon is in the public domain.

Photograph by أحمد ناجي / Ahmed Naji (2024). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 15th-century icon at the Coptic Museum, Cairo, is in the public domain.

Photo by Netelo (2020). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 15th-century icon is in the public domain.

Wikimedia Commons. Faithful photographic reproduction of a post-Byzantine icon at the Byzantine and Christian Museum, Athens. The underlying icon is in the public domain.

Photo by Francesco Bini / Sailko (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 16th-century icon by Michael Damaskenos is in the public domain.

Image courtesy of the Byzantine and Christian Museum, Athens (accession ΒΧΜ 01571), via the Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. The underlying 17th-century icon is in the public domain.

Photograph in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, file: St_Stephen.tif, photographed by user Racconish, 2016). The underlying 17th-century icon is in the public domain.

Photograph by Anagoria (2013). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0). The underlying c. 400 Byzantine marble relief is in the public domain.

Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Shakko (Sofia Bagdasarova, 2014). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Ismoon (2013, uploaded 2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th–13th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Joseph Kranak (2009). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). The underlying 14th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photograph by Sailko (2011). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) and GNU Free Documentation License 1.2+. The underlying late 15th-century Novgorod-school icon at the State Russian Museum is in the public domain.

Photograph by Croquemort Nestor (2025). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 1494 fresco is in the public domain.

Photograph by Gary Todd (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying c. 1547 fresco at Voroneț Monastery is in the public domain.

Photo by Alessio Damato (2006). Wikimedia Commons. Multi-licensed (GFDL 1.2+ / CC BY-SA 3.0). Cited under CC BY-SA 3.0. The underlying 16th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photograph by Josep Renalias (2021). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying c. 1602–1604 frescoes at Sucevița Monastery are in the public domain.

Photo by Aroche (2011). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0). The underlying 18th-century fresco is in the public domain.

Photo by Marie Thérèse Hébert & Jean Robert Thibault (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photo by Dick Osseman (Dosseman, 2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 9th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Walters Art Museum, Baltimore (Acc. 71.158). Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-SA 3.0) per the Walters' 2012 mass-release of collection imagery to Wikimedia Commons. The underlying 10th-century ivory is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access). Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying late-10th-century Byzantine ivory plaque (18.6 × 14.8 cm) is in the public domain.

Photo by Hans A. Rosbach (2009). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, file: Oranta-Kyiv.jpg, source Google Arts & Culture). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by Wolfgang Sauber (2017). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th–12th-century icon at Spoleto Cathedral is in the public domain.

Photo by Giovanni Dall'Orto (2025). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Italy (CC BY-SA 2.5 IT). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th–12th century mosaic is in the public domain.

Wikimedia Commons (faithful photographic reproduction). Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying c. 1100–1120 Komnenian-era icon is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, file: Vladimirskaja_ikona_Božiej_Materi.jpg). Source: Tretyakov Gallery CD-ROM (2004). The underlying 12th-century icon (104 × 69 cm, tempera on panel) is in the public domain.

Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, file: Annunciation_Icon_Sinai_12th_century.jpg, scanned 2008). The underlying late-12th-century icon (61 × 42 cm, tempera on panel) is in the public domain.

Photo by Giovanni Dall'Orto (2009), Byzantine and Christian Museum, Athens. Wikimedia Commons. Released under attribution-only license (cited per the photographer's terms). The underlying 13th-century icon is in the public domain.

Photo by Byzantine Institute staff (1952), MSBZ004-ICFA-KC-BIA-0366. Image Collections and Fieldwork Archives, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington DC. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 14th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

Photograph by George E. Koronaios (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 1751 fresco is in the public domain.